Radiator



H. D. KELLOGG.

RADIATOR. APPLICATION FILED MAY '5, I916. RENEWED SEPT\ 15, I919.

1,341,649, Patented June 1, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET1- .flgl

H. D. KEL LOGG.

RADIATOR.

Patented June 1, 1920.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5, 1916. REN EWEDSVEPT.1 5| 1919.

Suva u foz OFFICE.

RADIATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent;

Patented June 1, 1920.

Application filed May 5, 1916, Serial No. 95,581. Renewed September 15,1919. Serial No. 323,995.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Hosrono D. KnLLoco, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Haverford, county of Delaware, and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inRadiators, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdisclosure.

The object of the invention is to provide a novel form of radiator forraising the temperature of the atmosphere of a room or chamber bypassing through the former a heated fluid, such for instance as steam,vapor, hot water, or the like, and to accomplish the same with thegreater degree of elliciency and minimum loss of efi'ective heat, or toprovide a refrigerator of the same general design.

Another object is to provide a radiator which can be installed within aroom in the position and occupying the place of the usual sub-base orother architectural finish of a room and at the same time be little orno more conspicuous.

And another object is to provide a? radiator in which the fluid thereincan flow from end to end through two or more longitudinal channels, andthrough transverse channels connecting the former, the outer or frontside of all of said channels lying in a plane.

A further object is to provide such a radiator with a plurality ofcontinuous, or substantially continuous, portions comprising the wallsof upwardly extending fluid channels, or integral projections thereof,the same being adapted to contact directly with the wall of a room, or alining thereof, and thus provide flues for heating and circulating airas hereinafter described.

A still further object is to provide a radiator of any desired heightand length and longitudinally made up of any desired number ofrearwardly directed substantially V- shaped upwardly extending sections,each pair of neighboring sections forming with an adjacent wall surfaceflues which are substantially vertical, but in general are sufficientlyupright to permit the air in passing around said radiator to develop thedesired velocity and volume in circulating upwardly as it becomesheated.

Andstill another object of the invention is to provide a radiatorcomprising a plurality of substantially horizontally extending spacedchannels and a plurality of substantially vertically extending channelsconnecting, and of greater extent from front to rear, than said firstchannels and provided with ridges extending longitudinally of andforming integral projections from the outer surfaces of said latterchannels and adapted to cooperate throughout their entire extent withthe wall of a room, to form individual air flues, each of which ispreferably wholly inclosed by the walls of two adjacent verticalchannels and the said wall.

And another object is to provide a radiator of this description havingvertical channels, tapering in cross section rearwardly, I

and connected adjacent to their upper and lower extremities by shortsections of the longitudinally extending main channels and intermediatethereof by webs extending 'tlierebetween, this making a constructionwhich insures a maximum amount of the radiant heat from the walls ofsaid channels acting upon and being absorbed by that portion of a wallinclosing the otherwise open side of said fines and normally possessinga lower temperature than the walls of the radiator flues.

Vith such a construction the walls of the radiator fines transmit to theneighboring atmosphere a maximum amount of their heat by direct contacttherewith, by convection therefrom, and by the radiant heat rays actingdirectly upon and raising the temperature of the wallsurface oppositethereto, and in this way also raising the temperature of the aircirculating upwardly adja cent to said wall, though quite removed fromthe actual surface of the radiator.

The same effect is )roduced u )on an linm 3 z:

to said wall surface.

Numerous other objects and advantages of the device as well as thevarious details of the construction thereof are fully described in thefollowing specifimtion when read in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, in which-Figure 1 is a front elevation of the preferredembodiment of the' invention; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line2--2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a transverse,

openings through the webs connecting the various fluid channels; Fig. 8is horizontal section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7; Fig.9 is a verticalsection on the line 99 of Fig. 7; and Fig. 10 is a rear elevation of theform. of the invention shown in. Fig. 7.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, of the drawings, the invention inits preferred embodiment relates to a radiator construction preferablyadapted to rest either directly upon a floor l2,'or to be spacedtherefrom upon supporting feet 13,,while the rear of the device contactsdirectly with the wall 14 of a room or chamber, the height of theradiator in this instance being substantially the same as that of asur-base or mop-board and of relatively slight increase in depththereover from front to rear.

The radiator proper primarily consists of a cast or sheet metal casingcomprising a front wall 15, which may be of any suitable design, as attheportion 16, for the purpose of harmonizing with the woodwork or otherdecorations of the room, while the lowermost portion of said wall isopen at 17 or designedly closed by a suitable grating or grill 18.mmediately to the rear of the wall 15 and adjacent to the upper andlowermost portions thereof are lon itudinally extending channels 19 and20 of relatively shallow transverse extent, while connecting the sameare a series of vertically extending channels 21, which, however, arepreferably tapering in cross section rearwardly, as shown in Figs. 2, 5and 6, and of considerably greater transverse extent from front to rearthan the corresponding measurement of said firstnamed channels.

Formed on the rearmost portions of the walls of the vertically extendingchannels 21 are integral ridges or flanges 22, which are adapted tocontact with the wall 14 throughout their entire extent, or whendesired, with a relatively thin sheet or lining 23 of heat .insulatingor other material.

With this construction it is obvious thatthere is formed a series ofsubstantially vertically extending flues 24, each being bounded by thewalls of two of the vertical channels 21, a relatively short section ofthe wall 15 of the radiator and the wall 14 of the room, it also beingnoted that the adjacent walls of each pair of neighboring verticalchannels diverge rearwardly, this construction being preferable in viewof the fact that it increases the effect of radiating surface inheating. the air circulating within said flues by the radiant heatenergy recovered from the inclosing walls thereof.

In the simplest form-of the device, the relatively cool atmosphere ofthe room enters through a grating 18 or, in other words, beneath thewall 15 of the radiator and passes upwardly through the respective fluesabove described, where said air is raised in temperature by directcontact with the outer surfaces of the walls of both the horizontallyand vertically extending channels, by convection of the heat therefromand absorption by said air, and by the radiant heat from said wallspassing across the space intervening between them and the wallof theroom opposite thereto, whichlatter is raised in temperature and in turngives of heat to that portion of the air passing adjacent thereto in itsupward course of circulation toward the uppermost extremity of thedevice, whence it is emitted into the open area of the room afterpreferably being deflected outwardly by a suitable flange or deflec tor26.

In various installations it will be found desirable to provideventilation while raising the temperature of the atmosphere of a room byheating fresh-air conveyed by flues within the adjacent wall openingdirectly beneath the improved radiator, as for instance the inlet 28,shown in Fig. 3, and closed and opened at will by the pivotally mounteddamper 29 manually operated by a suitable handle 30 and operative tomaintain any desired position at which it may be set by the cooperationof a series of rack teeth31 with any suitable stop 32, which latter maycomprise a portion of the grating 18. If desired a sheet metal or othershield 33 may be made to cover that portion of the wall 14: beneath theradiator and thus protect the same when cleaning or washing beneath thelatter. Also, instead of providing the walls of each of the verticallyextending channels with flanges as hereinbefore described, aconstruction may be provided similar to that shown in Fig. 6, whereinonly the end channels of each radiator section, projecting as shown areso equipped, substantially the only difference however being that,instead of the air entering the space between two adjacent chan nels andremaining therebetween throughout its entire passage upwardly, it ismore free to pass from one of such partially inclosed' flues intoanother, though the efficiency in heating the atmosphere is somewhatless with this construction.

As before stated, the improved radiator may be formed in relativelysmall sections, any number of which may be joined to: gether, as shownin Fig. 1, by suitable nipples 34 connecting both of the longitudinallyextending channels 19 and 20. After a desired number of these sectionshave been so connected, any one of the four openings at the oppositeends of the series of sections may be employed as the inlet for theheated fluid, as for instance at 35, where a control valve (not shown)is placed to vary at will the amount'or rate of passage of the heatingfluidtherefrom. Any one of the remaining lower openings may then be usedas an exit or return outlet, though it is preferable to use thatdesignated by 36, and to which the usual L and other pipe fittings areconnected, plugs then being employed to close the remaining openings 37and 38.

Referring now to Figs. 7 to 10, inclusive, of the drawings, a slightlymodified form of the invention is shown. in which the arrangement of thehorizontal and vertical channels 41 and 42 are the same as hereinbeforedescribed, while the walls 43 of each of the latter taper rearwardly andare extended to form integral flanges 44, adapted to cooperate directlywith the wall 45 of a room, or with a thin lining thereof. The frontwall 46, however, is provided with vertically extending slots 4?,partially designed to enhance the general appearance of the device, andalso adapted to permit heated air to pass therethrough, from the rearforwardly, particularly in the event of there occurring a congestion ofair behind the radiator due to such a cause, for instance, as thepartial restriction of the upper openings or exits of the fines 48,formed by pairs of neighboring vertical channels and the said wall 45,either temporarily or by a suitable deflecting flange or dust guard,such as is shown in Figs. 3

and 4.

Although possibly not fully understood at the present time, with theforms of radiator herein described, it has been found that under allconditions an increased heating efficiency is obtained over all otherknown radiators having a like amount of radiating surface, this beingdue to the construction of the various series of fines and exposing theentire surface of the radiator to the free actionof radiant heat andfreest contact of the circulating air thereupon greatly increasing thevelocity of the up ward air flow; also to the nearness of the radiatoras a whole to the floor and thus obtaining a greater lateral or walldistribution of the radiating surface of an equal area, and to thenearness of the said radiator and exposure thereof to and contact with arelatively cool wall surface, to the peculiar construction and shape ofthe upright air flues either totally or substantially inclosed with thewall of the room acting as one side thereof, and to other details in thegeneral construction, the respective values of which may not atthis'time' be fully realized.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to protectby Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A radiator, comprising aplurality of spaced longitudinally extending channels, a plurality ofspaced transversely extending channels provided with integral projectingflanges, and a web connecting the walls of said channels adjacent to oneside thereof, said radiator being adapted to be positioned so that saidflanges cooperate with the wall surface of a room, to provide air fluesinclosed by said surface, said web and the walls of said transversechannels.

2. A radiator, comprising a plurality of spaced longitudinally extendingchannels, a plurality of spaced transversely extending channelsprojecting rearwardly beyond said first channels, and a web providedwith restricted openings and extending between the walls of saidchannels, said radiator being adapted to be positioned against, and withthe walls of said transverse channels in uniform contact with, the wallof a room, to form substantially inclosed upright flues surrounded bysaid web, the said last-named wall and the walls of said channels.

3. A radiator comprising substantially vertical channels havingrearwardly converging walls, a web extending between the walls of saidchannels, said radiator adapted to be positioned adjacent to the wall ofa room with the extreme portions of said channel walls cooperatinguniformly with the outer surface of said last-named wall or a coveringthereon to form inclosed flues of substantially frusto-conical crosssection bounded by pairs of said channel walls, said web and the saidwall of a room.

4. A radiator, comprising a substantially plane surface, fluidchannelsextending longitudinally of and adjacent to said surface, andtransversely extending substantially vertical channels connecting theformer and of greater extent from front to rear, and adapted tocooperate with the wall surface of a-rooni to form a series of finessubstantially inclosed by the surfaces of said vertical channels andsaid wall surface.

5. A radiator unit, comprising a substantially plane face wall, fluidchannels extending longitudinally of and adjacent to said -wall, andtransversely extending substantially vertical channels connecting theformer adjacent to said wall and of greater extent therefrom, therearmost portions of the walls of said latter channels being adapted tocooperate with the wall surface of a room 'to form therewith one or morefines.

6. A radiator unit, comprising a substantially plane face wall, fluidchannels extending longitudinally of and adjacent to said wall, andtransversely extending substantially vertical channels: connecting theformer adjacent to said wall and of greater extent therefrom, therearmost portions of the walls of said latter channels being adapted tocooperate with the wall surface of a room to form therewith oneor moreflues, substantially inclosed by adjacent surfaces of said transversechannels, said wall surface, and said planular wall.

7. A radiator comprising a plurality of spaced longitudinally extendingchannels, a plurality of spaced transversely extending channels, and aweb connecting the walls of said channels adjacent to one side thereofsaid radiator being adapted to be positioned so that the walls of saidtransversely extending channels cooperate with the wall surface of aroom, to provide an air flue inclosed by said wall surface, said web andthe walls of said transverse channels.

8. A radiator, comprising a plurality of spaced longitudinally extendingchannels, a plurality of spaced transversely extending channelsprojecting rearwardly beyond said first channel and a web extendingbetween the walls of said channels, said radiator being adapted to bepositioned against, and with the walls of. said transverse channels inuniform contact with, the wall of a room, to form substantially inclosedupright flues surrounded by said web, the last-named wall and the wallsof said channels.

9. A radiator comprising substantially vertical channels havingrearwardly converging walls, a web extending between the walls of saidchannels on the said radiator adapted to be positioned adjacent to thewall of a room with the extreme portions of said channel wallscooperatin the outer surface of sai last named wall of a coveringthereon, to form inclosed flues bounded by pairs of said channel walls,said web and the said wall of a room.

10. A radiator, comprising a substantially planular front wall, alongitudinally extending channel adjacent to said wall, and a pluralityof spaced transversely extending channels intersecting said firstchannel adjacent to said wall, said radiator being adapted to bepositioned so that the walls of said transversely extending channelscooperate with the wall surface of a room, to provide an air-flueinclose by said wall surface, said front wall and the walls of saidtransverse channels.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day of May, .A.D., 1916.

.HOSFORD D. KELLOGG.

Witness:

J. STUART FREEMAN.

uniformly with

